Action is a delegate (pointer) to a method, that takes zero, one or
more input parameters, but does NOT
return anything.
Func is a delegate (pointer) to a method, that takes zero, one or
more input parameters, and DOES returns a value (or reference).
Predicate is a special kind of Func often used for comparisons.
The difference between
Func and Action is simply
whether you want the delegate to return a value (use Func) or not (use Action).
Action does not return value. Func and Action take up to 16 parameters, Func take one extra parameter for Return, so total parameter for Func is 17.
C#.NET Example to use Func & Action
public static double CalculateSomething(int
i, int j)
{
return new double();
}
public static void DoSomething(int
i, int j)
{
Console.WriteLine("we are here...");
}
//Call
Func<int, int, double> myFunc = (CalculateSomething);
Action<int, int> myAction = (DoSomething);
How Delegate works, just to compare with Action & Func
Delegate is a type which holds the method(s)
reference in an object. It is also referred to as a type safe function pointer.
//Delegate declare
public delegate int MyOwnDelegate(int i, int j);
private int ShowAddition(int i, int j) { return i + j; }
private int ShowMultipy(int i, int j) { return i * j; }
//Call
MyOwnDelegate dele = new MyOwnDelegate(ShowAddition);
dele(10, 20); //Output 30
//If it hold reference of more then one method
then it called MultiCast Delegate
dele += new MyOwnDelegate(ShowMultipy);
dele(10, 20); //Output 30 and 200
Then the Delegate is added using the += operator and removed using the -= operator.
public sealed class emp
{
public double Calculate(Func<double, double> op)
{
return op(20);
}
}
public class Program
{
public static double Display(double i)
{
return i*9;
}
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
//Call
emp e = new emp();
double d1 = e.Calculate(Display);
//Another way to call this function, with inline function
double d1 = e.Calculate(r => 2*Math.PT*r);
//Another way to call this function, with inline function
double d1 = e.Calculate(r => 2*Math.PT*r);
}
}
- ‘Calculate’ function takes input parameter as function name ‘Display’ to execute
- First control goes inside ‘Calculate’ function and convert op(20) into Display(20).
- Then control go to ‘Display’ function, which is taking ‘20’ as an input parameter and convert i*9 into 20*9 and
- Final Output of d1 is 180;
Action uses for Lambda & Anonymous method
public class Base
{
public void Foo(Action action)
{
Console.WriteLine("Action
with No Param...");
}
public void Foo(Action<int>
action)
{
Console.WriteLine("Action
with ONE param...");
}
public void Foo(Action<int, int> action)
{
Console.WriteLine("Action
with TWO param...");
}
}
//Call
Base d = new Base();
int x = 0;
//lambda expression
d.Foo(() => { x = 0; }); // Call Foo
with No param in Action
d.Foo((i) => { x = 0; }); // Call Foo
with ONE param in Action
d.Foo((i, j) => { x = 0; }); // Call Foo with
TWO param in Action
//Anonymous Method
d.Foo(delegate() {
x = 0; }); // Call Foo with No param in Action
d.Foo(delegate(int i) { x = 1; }); // Call Foo
with ONE param in Action
d.Foo(delegate(int i, int j) { x =
2; }); //
Call Foo with TWO param in Action
public class Base
{
public int Foo(Func<int>
action)
{
Console.WriteLine("Func
with No Param...");
return 1;
}
public int Foo(Func<int,int> action)
{
Console.WriteLine("Func
with No Param...");
return 2;
}
public int Foo(Func<int, int,int> action)
{
Console.WriteLine("Func
with TWO param...");
return 3;
}
}
//Call
Base d = new Base();
int x = 0;
//lambda expression
d.Foo(()
=> 0); // Call Foo with No param in
Func
d.Foo((int i) => 10);
//
Call Foo wit ONE param in Func
d.Foo((int i, int j) =>
20); // Call Foo with TWO param in Func
//Anonymous Method
d.Foo(delegate() { return
1; }); // Call Foo with No
param in Func
d.Foo(delegate(int i) { return 1; }); // Call Foo with
ONE param in Func
d.Foo(delegate(int i, int j) { return 1;
}); // Call Foo with TWO param in Func
